Merge branch 'v3.0' into v3.1

Conflicts:
	samples/DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock/Util.cs

16 files changed, 232 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/samples/DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock/Util.cs b/samples/DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock/Util.cs
index 8a188ac..64b35cb 100644
--- a/samples/DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock/Util.cs
+++ b/samples/DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock/Util.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,45 @@
 namespace DotNetOpenAuth.ApplicationBlock {
 	using System;
 	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Diagnostics;
 	using System.IO;
+	using System.Net;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 
-	internal static class Util {
+	public static class Util {
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Pseudo-random data generator.
+		/// </summary>
 		internal static readonly Random NonCryptoRandomDataGenerator = new Random();
 
 		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the channel's outgoing HTTP requests to use default network credentials.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="channel">The channel to modify.</param>
+		public static void UseDefaultNetworkCredentialsOnOutgoingHttpRequests(this Channel channel)
+		{
+			Debug.Assert(!(channel.WebRequestHandler is WrappingWebRequestHandler), "Wrapping an already wrapped web request handler.  This is legal, but highly suspect of a bug as you don't want to wrap the same channel repeatedly to apply the same effect.");
+			AddOutgoingHttpRequestTransform(channel, http => http.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultNetworkCredentials);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Adds some action to any outgoing HTTP request on this channel.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="channel">The channel's whose outgoing HTTP requests should be modified.</param>
+		/// <param name="action">The action to perform on outgoing HTTP requests.</param>
+		internal static void AddOutgoingHttpRequestTransform(this Channel channel, Action<HttpWebRequest> action) {
+			if (channel == null) {
+				throw new ArgumentNullException("channel");
+			}
+
+			if (action == null) {
+				throw new ArgumentNullException("action");
+			}
+
+			channel.WebRequestHandler = new WrappingWebRequestHandler(channel.WebRequestHandler, action);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
 		/// Enumerates through the individual set bits in a flag enum.
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="flags">The flags enum value.</param>
@@ -85,5 +117,154 @@
 
 			return totalCopiedBytes;
 		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Wraps some instance of a web request handler in order to perform some extra operation on all
+		/// outgoing HTTP requests.
+		/// </summary>
+		private class WrappingWebRequestHandler : IDirectWebRequestHandler
+		{
+			/// <summary>
+			/// The handler being wrapped.
+			/// </summary>
+			private readonly IDirectWebRequestHandler wrappedHandler;
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// The action to perform on outgoing HTTP requests.
+			/// </summary>
+			private readonly Action<HttpWebRequest> action;
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WrappingWebRequestHandler"/> class.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="wrappedHandler">The HTTP handler to wrap.</param>
+			/// <param name="action">The action to perform on outgoing HTTP requests.</param>
+			internal WrappingWebRequestHandler(IDirectWebRequestHandler wrappedHandler, Action<HttpWebRequest> action)
+			{
+				if (wrappedHandler == null) {
+					throw new ArgumentNullException("wrappedHandler");
+				}
+
+				if (action == null) {
+					throw new ArgumentNullException("action");
+				}
+
+				this.wrappedHandler = wrappedHandler;
+				this.action = action;
+			}
+
+			#region Implementation of IDirectWebRequestHandler
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Determines whether this instance can support the specified options.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="options">The set of options that might be given in a subsequent web request.</param>
+			/// <returns>
+			/// 	<c>true</c> if this instance can support the specified options; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+			/// </returns>
+			public bool CanSupport(DirectWebRequestOptions options)
+			{
+				return this.wrappedHandler.CanSupport(options);
+			}
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Prepares an <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> that contains an POST entity for sending the entity.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> that should contain the entity.</param>
+			/// <returns>
+			/// The stream the caller should write out the entity data to.
+			/// </returns>
+			/// <exception cref="ProtocolException">Thrown for any network error.</exception>
+			/// <remarks>
+			/// 	<para>The caller should have set the <see cref="HttpWebRequest.ContentLength"/>
+			/// and any other appropriate properties <i>before</i> calling this method.
+			/// Callers <i>must</i> close and dispose of the request stream when they are done
+			/// writing to it to avoid taking up the connection too long and causing long waits on
+			/// subsequent requests.</para>
+			/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
+			/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
+			/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.</para>
+			/// </remarks>
+			public Stream GetRequestStream(HttpWebRequest request)
+			{
+				this.action(request);
+				return wrappedHandler.GetRequestStream(request);
+			}
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Prepares an <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> that contains an POST entity for sending the entity.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> that should contain the entity.</param>
+			/// <param name="options">The options to apply to this web request.</param>
+			/// <returns>
+			/// The stream the caller should write out the entity data to.
+			/// </returns>
+			/// <exception cref="ProtocolException">Thrown for any network error.</exception>
+			/// <remarks>
+			/// 	<para>The caller should have set the <see cref="HttpWebRequest.ContentLength"/>
+			/// and any other appropriate properties <i>before</i> calling this method.
+			/// Callers <i>must</i> close and dispose of the request stream when they are done
+			/// writing to it to avoid taking up the connection too long and causing long waits on
+			/// subsequent requests.</para>
+			/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
+			/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
+			/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.</para>
+			/// </remarks>
+			public Stream GetRequestStream(HttpWebRequest request, DirectWebRequestOptions options)
+			{
+				this.action(request);
+				return wrappedHandler.GetRequestStream(request, options);
+			}
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Processes an <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> and converts the 
+			/// <see cref="HttpWebResponse"/> to a <see cref="IncomingWebResponse"/> instance.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> to handle.</param>
+			/// <returns>An instance of <see cref="IncomingWebResponse"/> describing the response.</returns>
+			/// <exception cref="ProtocolException">Thrown for any network error.</exception>
+			/// <remarks>
+			/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
+			/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
+			/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
+			/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
+			/// </remarks>
+			public IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request)
+			{
+				// If the request has an entity, the action would have already been processed in GetRequestStream.
+				if (request.Method == "GET")
+				{
+					this.action(request);
+				}
+
+				return wrappedHandler.GetResponse(request);
+			}
+
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Processes an <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> and converts the 
+			/// <see cref="HttpWebResponse"/> to a <see cref="IncomingWebResponse"/> instance.
+			/// </summary>
+			/// <param name="request">The <see cref="HttpWebRequest"/> to handle.</param>
+			/// <param name="options">The options to apply to this web request.</param>
+			/// <returns>An instance of <see cref="IncomingWebResponse"/> describing the response.</returns>
+			/// <exception cref="ProtocolException">Thrown for any network error.</exception>
+			/// <remarks>
+			/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
+			/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
+			/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
+			/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
+			/// </remarks>
+			public IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request, DirectWebRequestOptions options)
+			{
+				// If the request has an entity, the action would have already been processed in GetRequestStream.
+				if (request.Method == "GET") {
+					this.action(request);
+				}
+
+				return wrappedHandler.GetResponse(request, options);
+			}
+
+			#endregion
+		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePartTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePartTests.cs
index 19e6a82..9deaecd 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePartTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePartTests.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.Messaging.Reflection {
 
 		[TestMethod]
 		public void OptionalNullableStruct() {
-			this.ParameterizedMessageTypeTest(typeof(MessageWithNullableOptionalStruct));
+			var message = new MessageWithNullableOptionalStruct();
+			var part = this.ParameterizedMessageTypeTest(message.GetType());
+
+			Assert.IsNull(part.GetValue(message));
+			part.SetValue(message, "3");
+			Assert.AreEqual("3", part.GetValue(message));
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Mocks/InMemoryTokenManager.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Mocks/InMemoryTokenManager.cs
index 6980761..c438f46 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Mocks/InMemoryTokenManager.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/Mocks/InMemoryTokenManager.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.Mocks {
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.ChannelElements;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Messages;
+	using DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth;
 
 	internal class InMemoryTokenManager : IConsumerTokenManager, IServiceProviderTokenManager {
 		private KeyedCollectionDelegate<string, ConsumerInfo> consumers = new KeyedCollectionDelegate<string, ConsumerInfo>(c => c.Key);
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/HmacSha1SigningBindingElementTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/HmacSha1SigningBindingElementTests.cs
index fcdb5e8..6477510 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/HmacSha1SigningBindingElementTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/HmacSha1SigningBindingElementTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth.ChannelElements {
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.ChannelElements;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Messages;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Test.Mocks;
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannelTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannelTests.cs
index 856f164..e215bc1 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannelTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannelTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth.ChannelElements {
 	using System;
 	using System.Collections.Generic;
 	using System.Collections.Specialized;
@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
 				{ "Name", "Andrew" },
 				{ "Location", "http://hostb/pathB" },
 				{ "Timestamp", XmlConvert.ToString(DateTime.UtcNow, XmlDateTimeSerializationMode.Utc) },
+				{ "realm" , "someValue" },
 			};
 			IProtocolMessage requestMessage = this.channel.ReadFromRequest(CreateHttpRequestInfo(scheme, fields));
 			Assert.IsNotNull(requestMessage);
@@ -364,6 +365,12 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
 			Assert.AreEqual(15, testMessage.Age);
 			Assert.AreEqual("Andrew", testMessage.Name);
 			Assert.AreEqual("http://hostb/pathB", testMessage.Location.AbsoluteUri);
+			if (scheme == HttpDeliveryMethods.AuthorizationHeaderRequest) {
+				// The realm value should be ignored in the authorization header
+				Assert.IsFalse(((IMessage)testMessage).ExtraData.ContainsKey("realm"));
+			} else {
+				Assert.AreEqual("someValue", ((IMessage)testMessage).ExtraData["realm"]);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/PlaintextSigningBindingElementTest.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/PlaintextSigningBindingElementTest.cs
index 627db8f..80a1c01 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/PlaintextSigningBindingElementTest.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/PlaintextSigningBindingElementTest.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth.ChannelElements {
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.ChannelElements;
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/SigningBindingElementBaseTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/SigningBindingElementBaseTests.cs
index 6e566c8..49549f5 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/SigningBindingElementBaseTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ChannelElements/SigningBindingElementBaseTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.ChannelElements {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth.ChannelElements {
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Reflection;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth;
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ConsumerDescription.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ConsumerDescription.cs
index 625f416..89105ef 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ConsumerDescription.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ConsumerDescription.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth {
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Information necessary to initialize a <see cref="Consumer"/>,
 	/// and to tell a <see cref="ServiceProvider"/> about it.
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/OAuthCoordinator.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/OAuthCoordinator.cs
index ce548a9..c3ef6c2 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/OAuthCoordinator.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/OAuthCoordinator.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth {
 	using System;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Bindings;
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ProtocolTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ProtocolTests.cs
index ce8070b..e60a9e2 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ProtocolTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ProtocolTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth {
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth;
 	using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
 
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ServiceProviderDescriptionTests.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ServiceProviderDescriptionTests.cs
index 760a9e9..3430103 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ServiceProviderDescriptionTests.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth.Test/OAuth/ServiceProviderDescriptionTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // </copyright>
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test {
+namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Test.OAuth {
 	using System;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
 	using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth;
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/IDirectWebRequestHandler.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/IDirectWebRequestHandler.cs
index 380e2d5..0f88247 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/IDirectWebRequestHandler.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/IDirectWebRequestHandler.cs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request);
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request, DirectWebRequestOptions options);
 	}
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePart.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePart.cs
index a8f04ec..e54e137 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePart.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/Reflection/MessagePart.cs
@@ -110,9 +110,25 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Reflection {
 
 			if (attribute.Encoder == null) {
 				if (!converters.TryGetValue(this.memberDeclaredType, out this.converter)) {
-					this.converter = new ValueMapping(
-						obj => obj != null ? obj.ToString() : null,
-						str => str != null ? Convert.ChangeType(str, this.memberDeclaredType, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) : null);
+					if (this.memberDeclaredType.IsGenericType &&
+						this.memberDeclaredType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>)) {
+						// It's a nullable type.  Try again to look up an appropriate converter for the underlying type.
+						Type underlyingType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(this.memberDeclaredType);
+						ValueMapping underlyingMapping;
+						if (converters.TryGetValue(underlyingType, out underlyingMapping)) {
+							this.converter = new ValueMapping(
+								underlyingMapping.ValueToString,
+								str => str != null ? underlyingMapping.StringToValue(str) : null);
+						} else {
+							this.converter = new ValueMapping(
+								obj => obj != null ? obj.ToString() : null,
+								str => str != null ? Convert.ChangeType(str, underlyingType, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) : null);
+						}
+					} else {
+						this.converter = new ValueMapping(
+							obj => obj != null ? obj.ToString() : null,
+							str => str != null ? Convert.ChangeType(str, this.memberDeclaredType, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) : null);
+					}
 				}
 			} else {
 				this.converter = new ValueMapping(GetEncoder(attribute.Encoder));
@@ -235,7 +251,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Reflection {
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
-		/// Adds a pair of type conversion functions to the static converstion map.
+		/// Adds a pair of type conversion functions to the static conversion map.
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <typeparam name="T">The custom type to convert to and from strings.</typeparam>
 		/// <param name="toString">The function to convert the custom type to a string.</param>
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/StandardWebRequestHandler.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/StandardWebRequestHandler.cs
index cc991cd..0ed0b5c 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/StandardWebRequestHandler.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/StandardWebRequestHandler.cs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		public IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request) {
 			return this.GetResponse(request, DirectWebRequestOptions.None);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		public IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request, DirectWebRequestOptions options) {
 			ErrorUtilities.VerifyArgumentNotNull(request, "request");
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/UntrustedWebRequestHandler.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/UntrustedWebRequestHandler.cs
index 1656155..f68ac73 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/UntrustedWebRequestHandler.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/Messaging/UntrustedWebRequestHandler.cs
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2234:PassSystemUriObjectsInsteadOfStrings", Justification = "Uri(Uri, string) accepts second arguments that Uri(Uri, new Uri(string)) does not that we must support.")]
 		public IncomingWebResponse GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request, DirectWebRequestOptions options) {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging {
 		/// 	<para>Implementations should catch <see cref="WebException"/> and wrap it in a
 		/// <see cref="ProtocolException"/> to abstract away the transport and provide
 		/// a single exception type for hosts to catch.  The <see cref="WebException.Response"/>
-		/// value, if set, shoud be Closed before throwing.</para>
+		/// value, if set, should be Closed before throwing.</para>
 		/// </remarks>
 		IncomingWebResponse IDirectWebRequestHandler.GetResponse(HttpWebRequest request) {
 			return this.GetResponse(request, DirectWebRequestOptions.None);
diff --git a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannel.cs b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannel.cs
index d325825..a4be672 100644
--- a/src/DotNetOpenAuth/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannel.cs
+++ b/src/DotNetOpenAuth/OAuth/ChannelElements/OAuthChannel.cs
@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ namespace DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.ChannelElements {
 						}
 					}
 				}
+
+				fields.Remove("realm"); // ignore the realm parameter, since we don't use it, and it must be omitted from signature base string.
 			}
 
 			// Scrape the entity