path: root/core/random.js

/** @fileOverview Random number generator.
 *
 * @author Emily Stark
 * @author Mike Hamburg
 * @author Dan Boneh
 */

/** @constructor
 * @class Random number generator
 *
 * @description
 * <p>
 * This random number generator is a derivative of Ferguson and Schneier's
 * generator Fortuna.  It collects entropy from various events into several
 * pools, implemented by streaming SHA-256 instances.  It differs from
 * ordinary Fortuna in a few ways, though.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Most importantly, it has an entropy estimator.  This is present because
 * there is a strong conflict here between making the generator available
 * as soon as possible, and making sure that it doesn't "run on empty".
 * In Fortuna, there is a saved state file, and the system is likely to have
 * time to warm up.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Second, because users are unlikely to stay on the page for very long,
 * and to speed startup time, the number of pools increases logarithmically:
 * a new pool is created when the previous one is actually used for a reseed.
 * This gives the same asymptotic guarantees as Fortuna, but gives more
 * entropy to early reseeds.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * The entire mechanism here feels pretty klunky.  Furthermore, there are
 * several improvements that should be made, including support for
 * dedicated cryptographic functions that may be present in some browsers;
 * state files in local storage; cookies containing randomness; etc.  So
 * look for improvements in future versions.
 * </p>
 */
sjcl.prng = function(defaultParanoia) {
  
  /* private */
  this._pools                   = [new sjcl.hash.sha256()];
  this._poolEntropy             = [0];
  this._reseedCount             = 0;
  this._robins                  = {};
  this._eventId                 = 0;
  
  this._collectorIds            = {};
  this._collectorIdNext         = 0;
  
  this._strength                = 0;
  this._poolStrength            = 0;
  this._nextReseed              = 0;
  this._key                     = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
  this._counter                 = [0,0,0,0];
  this._cipher                  = undefined;
  this._defaultParanoia         = defaultParanoia;
  
  /* event listener stuff */
  this._collectorsStarted       = false;
  this._callbacks               = {progress: {}, seeded: {}};
  this._callbackI               = 0;
  
  /* constants */
  this._NOT_READY               = 0;
  this._READY                   = 1;
  this._REQUIRES_RESEED         = 2;

  this._MAX_WORDS_PER_BURST     = 65536;
  this._PARANOIA_LEVELS         = [0,48,64,96,128,192,256,384,512,768,1024];
  this._MILLISECONDS_PER_RESEED = 30000;
  this._BITS_PER_RESEED         = 80;
}
 
sjcl.prng.prototype = {
  /** Generate several random words, and return them in an array
   * @param {Number} nwords The number of words to generate.
   */
  randomWords: function (nwords, paranoia) {
    var out = [], i, readiness = this.isReady(paranoia), g;
  
    if (readiness === this._NOT_READY) {
      throw new sjcl.exception.notReady("generator isn't seeded");
    } else if (readiness & this._REQUIRES_RESEED) {
      this._reseedFromPools(!(readiness & this._READY));
    }
  
    for (i=0; i<nwords; i+= 4) {
      if ((i+1) % this._MAX_WORDS_PER_BURST === 0) {
        this._gate();
      }
   
      g = this._gen4words();
      out.push(g[0],g[1],g[2],g[3]);
    }
    this._gate();
  
    return out.slice(0,nwords);
  },
  
  setDefaultParanoia: function (paranoia) {
    this._defaultParanoia = paranoia;
  },
  
  /**
   * Add entropy to the pools.
   * @param data The entropic value.  Should be a 32-bit integer, array of 32-bit integers, or string
   * @param {Number} estimatedEntropy The estimated entropy of data, in bits
   * @param {String} source The source of the entropy, eg "mouse"
   */
  addEntropy: function (data, estimatedEntropy, source) {
    source = source || "user";
  
    var id,
      i, tmp,
      t = (new Date()).valueOf(),
      robin = this._robins[source],
      oldReady = this.isReady(), err = 0;
      
    id = this._collectorIds[source];
    if (id === undefined) { id = this._collectorIds[source] = this._collectorIdNext ++; }
      
    if (robin === undefined) { robin = this._robins[source] = 0; }
    this._robins[source] = ( this._robins[source] + 1 ) % this._pools.length;
  
    switch(typeof(data)) {
      
    case "number":
      if (estimatedEntropy === undefined) {
        estimatedEntropy = 1;
      }
      this._pools[robin].update([id,this._eventId++,1,estimatedEntropy,t,1,data|0]);
      break;
      
    case "object":
      var objName = Object.prototype.toString.call(data);
      if (objName === "[object Uint32Array]") {
        tmp = [];
        for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
          tmp.push(data[i]);
        }
        data = tmp;
      } else {
        if (objName !== "[object Array]") {
          err = 1;
        }
        for (i=0; i<data.length && !err; i++) {
          if (typeof(data[i]) != "number") {
            err = 1;
          }
        }
      }
      if (!err) {
        if (estimatedEntropy === undefined) {
          /* horrible entropy estimator */
          estimatedEntropy = 0;
          for (i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
            tmp= data[i];
            while (tmp>0) {
              estimatedEntropy++;
              tmp = tmp >>> 1;
            }
          }
        }
        this._pools[robin].update([id,this._eventId++,2,estimatedEntropy,t,data.length].concat(data));
      }
      break;
      
    case "string":
      if (estimatedEntropy === undefined) {
       /* English text has just over 1 bit per character of entropy.
        * But this might be HTML or something, and have far less
        * entropy than English...  Oh well, let's just say one bit.
        */
       estimatedEntropy = data.length;
      }
      this._pools[robin].update([id,this._eventId++,3,estimatedEntropy,t,data.length]);
      this._pools[robin].update(data);
      break;
      
    default:
      err=1;
    }
    if (err) {
      throw new sjcl.exception.bug("random: addEntropy only supports number, array of numbers or string");
    }
  
    /* record the new strength */
    this._poolEntropy[robin] += estimatedEntropy;
    this._poolStrength += estimatedEntropy;
  
    /* fire off events */
    if (oldReady === this._NOT_READY) {
      if (this.isReady() !== this._NOT_READY) {
        this._fireEvent("seeded", Math.max(this._strength, this._poolStrength));
      }
      this._fireEvent("progress", this.getProgress());
    }
  },
  
  /** Is the generator ready? */
  isReady: function (paranoia) {
    var entropyRequired = this._PARANOIA_LEVELS[ (paranoia !== undefined) ? paranoia : this._defaultParanoia ];
  
    if (this._strength && this._strength >= entropyRequired) {
      return (this._poolEntropy[0] > this._BITS_PER_RESEED && (new Date()).valueOf() > this._nextReseed) ?
        this._REQUIRES_RESEED | this._READY :
        this._READY;
    } else {
      return (this._poolStrength >= entropyRequired) ?
        this._REQUIRES_RESEED | this._NOT_READY :
        this._NOT_READY;
    }
  },
  
  /** Get the generator's progress toward readiness, as a fraction */
  getProgress: function (paranoia) {
    var entropyRequired = this._PARANOIA_LEVELS[ paranoia ? paranoia : this._defaultParanoia ];
  
    if (this._strength >= entropyRequired) {
      return 1.0;
    } else {
      return (this._poolStrength > entropyRequired) ?
        1.0 :
        this._poolStrength / entropyRequired;
    }
  },
  
  /** start the built-in entropy collectors */
  startCollectors: function () {
    if (this._collectorsStarted) { return; }
  
    if (window.addEventListener) {
      window.addEventListener("load", this._loadTimeCollector, false);
      window.addEventListener("mousemove", this._mouseCollector, false);
    } else if (document.attachEvent) {
      document.attachEvent("onload", this._loadTimeCollector);
      document.attachEvent("onmousemove", this._mouseCollector);
    }
    else {
      throw new sjcl.exception.bug("can't attach event");
    }
  
    this._collectorsStarted = true;
  },
  
  /** stop the built-in entropy collectors */
  stopCollectors: function () {
    if (!this._collectorsStarted) { return; }
  
    if (window.removeEventListener) {
      window.removeEventListener("load", this._loadTimeCollector, false);
      window.removeEventListener("mousemove", this._mouseCollector, false);
    } else if (window.detachEvent) {
      window.detachEvent("onload", this._loadTimeCollector);
      window.detachEvent("onmousemove", this._mouseCollector);
    }
    this._collectorsStarted = false;
  },
  
  /* use a cookie to store entropy.
  useCookie: function (all_cookies) {
      throw new sjcl.exception.bug("random: useCookie is unimplemented");
  },*/
  
  /** add an event listener for progress or seeded-ness. */
  addEventListener: function (name, callback) {
    this._callbacks[name][this._callbackI++] = callback;
  },
  
  /** remove an event listener for progress or seeded-ness */
  removeEventListener: function (name, cb) {
    var i, j, cbs=this._callbacks[name], jsTemp=[];
  
    /* I'm not sure if this is necessary; in C++, iterating over a
     * collection and modifying it at the same time is a no-no.
     */
  
    for (j in cbs) {
	if (cbs.hasOwnProperty(j) && cbs[j] === cb) {
        jsTemp.push(j);
      }
    }
  
    for (i=0; i<jsTemp.length; i++) {
      j = jsTemp[i];
      delete cbs[j];
    }
  },
  
  /** Generate 4 random words, no reseed, no gate.
   * @private
   */
  _gen4words: function () {
    for (var i=0; i<4; i++) {
      this._counter[i] = this._counter[i]+1 | 0;
      if (this._counter[i]) { break; }
    }
    return this._cipher.encrypt(this._counter);
  },
  
  /* Rekey the AES instance with itself after a request, or every _MAX_WORDS_PER_BURST words.
   * @private
   */
  _gate: function () {
    this._key = this._gen4words().concat(this._gen4words());
    this._cipher = new sjcl.cipher.aes(this._key);
  },
  
  /** Reseed the generator with the given words
   * @private
   */
  _reseed: function (seedWords) {
    this._key = sjcl.hash.sha256.hash(this._key.concat(seedWords));
    this._cipher = new sjcl.cipher.aes(this._key);
    for (var i=0; i<4; i++) {
      this._counter[i] = this._counter[i]+1 | 0;
      if (this._counter[i]) { break; }
    }
  },
  
  /** reseed the data from the entropy pools
   * @param full If set, use all the entropy pools in the reseed.
   */
  _reseedFromPools: function (full) {
    var reseedData = [], strength = 0, i;
  
    this._nextReseed = reseedData[0] =
      (new Date()).valueOf() + this._MILLISECONDS_PER_RESEED;
    
    for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
      /* On some browsers, this is cryptographically random.  So we might
       * as well toss it in the pot and stir...
       */
      reseedData.push(Math.random()*0x100000000|0);
    }
    
    for (i=0; i<this._pools.length; i++) {
     reseedData = reseedData.concat(this._pools[i].finalize());
     strength += this._poolEntropy[i];
     this._poolEntropy[i] = 0;
   
     if (!full && (this._reseedCount & (1<<i))) { break; }
    }
  
    /* if we used the last pool, push a new one onto the stack */
    if (this._reseedCount >= 1 << this._pools.length) {
     this._pools.push(new sjcl.hash.sha256());
     this._poolEntropy.push(0);
    }
  
    /* how strong was this reseed? */
    this._poolStrength -= strength;
    if (strength > this._strength) {
      this._strength = strength;
    }
  
    this._reseedCount ++;
    this._reseed(reseedData);
  },
  
  _mouseCollector: function (ev) {
    var x = ev.x || ev.clientX || ev.offsetX || 0, y = ev.y || ev.clientY || ev.offsetY || 0;
    sjcl.random.addEntropy([x,y], 2, "mouse");
  },
  
  _loadTimeCollector: function (ev) {
    sjcl.random.addEntropy((new Date()).valueOf(), 2, "loadtime");
  },
  
  _fireEvent: function (name, arg) {
    var j, cbs=sjcl.random._callbacks[name], cbsTemp=[];
    /* TODO: there is a race condition between removing collectors and firing them */ 

    /* I'm not sure if this is necessary; in C++, iterating over a
     * collection and modifying it at the same time is a no-no.
     */
  
    for (j in cbs) {
     if (cbs.hasOwnProperty(j)) {
        cbsTemp.push(cbs[j]);
     }
    }
  
    for (j=0; j<cbsTemp.length; j++) {
     cbsTemp[j](arg);
    }
  }
};

sjcl.random = new sjcl.prng(6);

(function(){
  try {
    // get cryptographically strong entropy in Webkit
    var ab = new Uint32Array(32);
    crypto.getRandomValues(ab);
    sjcl.random.addEntropy(ab, 1024, "crypto.getRandomValues");
  } catch (e) {
    // no getRandomValues :-(
  }
})();